Amorphophallus campanulatus Teligo patato is a terrestrial herb with roundish, watery thick corms. Arisaema tortuosum Snake plant seen in Darjeeling and Shillong, is characterised by a greenish-purple spathe which expands over the spadix like the hood of a snake.
Pistia stratiotes L. Water Cabbage is a floating stoloniferous herb bearing rosettes of sessile obcordate cuneate leaves. Pothos aureus L, Money plant , a climbing herb without latex. The leaves may be variegated, cultivated. Top Menu BiologyDiscussion. Liliaceae: Characters, Distribution and Types. Moringaceae: Characters, Distribution and Affinities. This is a question and answer forum for students, teachers and general visitors for exchanging articles, answers and notes.
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Peter C. A short summary of this paper. Download Download PDF. Translate PDF. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 53 The Genus Rhaphidophora Hassk.
Araceae- Monsteroideae-Monstereae in Borneo P. Abstract An alpha-taxonomic account of Bornean Rhaphidophora is presented as a precursor to the forthcoming Flora Malesiana Araceae treatment. Thirteen species are recognized, none novel. Rhaphidophora elliptica Ridl. New synonyms are: Scindapsus havilandii Ridl. Hotta into R. A dichotomous key to species is provided. All species are illustrated.
Contents Introduction Singapore 53 alpha-taxonomy of the genus Rhaphidophora in Asia. Accounts for the Himalaya, and Thailand and Indochina are being prepared and will be published separately. All morphological terms employed follow Stearn A summary of the taxonomic and nomenclatural history of Rhaphidophora was presented in Boyce and a partial infrageneric classification with an overview of informal morpho-taxonomic groups was proposed by Boyce a. Boyce provides a detailed discussion of structure, generic limits, together with keys to the genera of monsteroid and anadendroid aroids in Malesia.
Synonymy cited is for the species, not for the review area. The reason for this is that synonymic names based on types from outside the review area are frequently applied to specimens in local herbaria.
Geography and Endemism Borneo has a relatively poor Rhaphidophora flora, with comparatively few species recorded, although how much this is a reflection of inadequate collecting is not clear. Two of the five Bornean endemics, R. Both Bornean endemics are morphologically close to west Malesian species R. Another species from this group, the widespread R. The other Bornean endemics are R. Hotta, R. Rhaphidophora latevaginata M. Hotta is a neotenic shingling species that might conceivably have arisen from a species with a pronounced heteroblastic development, e.
Rhaphidophora megasperma is of uncertain affinity in Sundaic Asia but has morphological similarities, e. Rhaphidophora cylindrosperma is another morphologically isolated species in Sunda but with similar species e. Krause east of Wallace's Line and belongs to the Neoguineensis Group. It is interesting that two of the Borneo endemic Rhaphidophora appear to be morphologically closer to species in Wallacean New Guinea than to any Sundaic species.
Straits Branch Roy. Krause in Engl. Rhaphidophora Hassk. Indie 3 Pothos pertusus Roxb. Schott] Scindapsus Schott subgen.
Pothopsis Miq. Distribution: About species from tropical Africa, South and South East Asia, Australia and the Pacific with extensions into the subtropical Himalaya, southern China and the southernmost islands of Japan. Habitat: Lianescent bole-climbers, lithophytes, rarely rheophytes, usually in well drained subtropical and tropical wet, humid, or seasonally moderately dry primary and established secondary evergreen forest at low to mid-montane elevations. Etymology: Greek rhaphis, rhaphidos needle and pherd I bear ; refers to the macroscopic to 1 cm long , needle-like unicellular trichosclereids present in tissues.
Key to Adult Flowering Rhaphidophora in Borneo 1a. Mature leaf lamina pinnately divided Mature leaf lamina entire, without or without perforations, but never pinnately divided Flowering plants usually rheophytic, rarely low-climbing on trees beside torrential streams. Plants always associated with sandy or rocky forest streams.
Flowering plants high-climbing on forest trees. Plants not specifically associated with watercourses Geniculum and abaxial surface of lamina pubescent Geniculum and abaxial surface of lamina glabrous Flowering on clinging stems. Leaves of mature plants extensively perforated. Active shoot tips with black mucilage Rhaphidophora in Borneo Leaves of mature plants lacking or with only with scattered, perforations.
Active shoot tips lacking black mucilage Flowering on clinging shoots Flowering on free or clinging shoots Spathe exterior minutely puberulent Spathe exterior glabrous Singapore 53 lla. Leaf lamina lanceolate-elliptic to falcate-lanceolate, 4. Spadix cylindric to weakly clavate-cylindrical, cm long Leaf lamina narrowly elliptic to narrowly elliptic-oblong, x 4. Spadix cylindrical, c. Leaf lamina narrowly falcate-elliptic to falcate-lanceolate or falcate- oblanceolate, 2.
Spadix slender cylindrical, 2. Leaf lamina subfalcate-lanceolate or oblong-elliptic, oblique, Spadix cylindrical-obtuse, x 1 cm fruiting specimen only Rhaphidophora beccarii Engl. Buitenzorg , 1 ; Merrill, J. Buitenzorg , 4 Rhaphidophora borneensis Engl, Araceae exsicc. Grabowski s. Bt, BM. Rhaphidophora fluminea Ridl. SING, holo. Singapore 53 adult shoots clinging and flowering but main axis comprised of longer modules than axillary axes; stems smooth, mid- to dark green, with very sparse petiolar sheath fibre, internodes x c.
Habitat: Along rocky or sandy stream banks, often on rocks in stream or at waterfalls in primary to slightly disturbed or old secondary lowland forest, peatswamp forest, occasionally persisting briefly in logged over areas, occurring on a variety of substrates. Sea level to m altitude. Rhaphidophora in Borneo 29 Notes: 1. One of possibly two obligate rheophytic species the other is Rhaphidophora araea P.
Boyce - Sumatera , R. Occasionally plants are seen climbing up tree trunks on the bank of torrential streams. Although the pinnately divided leaf is typical of adult plants, entire leaved stenophyllous to lanceolate-leaved flowering plants are not rare. Such plants have been referred to as R. T h e behaviour of the spathe varies from genus to genus. In some e. Cvptocoryne and Arisarum the spathe completely encloses the spadix, while in others it reflexes to leave the spadix clearly visible e.
In some genera the spathe is shed as soon as the inflorescence reaches anthesis, either falling completely e. T h e spathe ranges in size and form from 5 mm long and simple in Homalomena humilis to a fluted and pleated vase-shaped structure 1 m wide and 1.
T h e sex of the individual flowers and their arrangement on the spadix are among the characters used to define taxonomic groups. Depending on the genus the spadix may bear either unisexual or bisexual flowers.
If bearing bisexual flowers these arc uniformly zyxwvu arranged over the spadix. Bisexual flowers are often subtended by reduced tepals termed a perigon. Ifunisexual, the flowers are usually arranged with the females at the base of the spadix and the males above, with the zones occasionally separated by a further zone of sterile flowers; the spadix is occasionally terminated by a sterile appendix. In the genus Arisaema individual inflorescences are usually either male or female and the sex of the inflorescence is governed by the age of the plant, its health and the type ofconditions in which it is growing.
Young plants, or mature plants in poor condition or growing in a less than ideal habitat, will produce male inflorescences, while mature plants in good condition growing in an optimum habitat will produce female inflorescences.
T h e ability to alter the sex of the inflorescence in this way is termed paradioecy. Unisexual flowers ofaroids are almost without exception naked, that is, lacking a perigon. T h e family is vegetatively diverse with stem-tubers, climbers, hemi-epiphytes, true epiphytes, emergent and free-floating aquatics all represented. Among the climbing species various types of climbing method may be observed; there are the shingle climbers in which the short-petioled leaves overlap in the manner of roof tiles e.
Scindapsuspictus , huge trunk climbers e. Scindapsus latzfolius , and litter-basket climbers displaying differentiation of stem function Scindapsus beccarii. I n the last named the young plant is a straggling climber attached by short roots to a tree trunk and bearing small, scattered leaves. When the plant has reached a certain age and zyxw height the growth alters to form a congested litter-basket comprised of large, overlapping leaves.
T h e litter-basket produces several inflorescences and then sends out another straggling growth which continues climbing for a few metres before the process is repeated. Hapaline brownii and Schismatoglottis tecturata. Tuberous or cormous-stemmed aroids are frequent, especially in genera occur- ring in habitats subjected to a seasonal climate. Typis Caroli Gerold, Vindobonae, 36 pp.
Zuluaga, A. Aroideana — Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer. DOI: Centro, C. Abstract The genus Spathiphyllum is represented in Mexico by 11 species, four of which are registered for the state of Veracruz. References Acebey, A. Paris, pp. Plants of the Arum Family. Timber Press, Portland, pp. Gentes Herbarum 9: — Regel, E.
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