SHA from the same directory. Calculate a checksum for the image file. FreeBSD provides sha 1 for this, used as sha imagefilename. Other operating systems have similar programs. The checksums must match exactly. If the checksums do not match, the image file is corrupt and must be downloaded again. It cannot be copied to the target device as a file. This section describes two of these utilities.
Before proceeding, back up any important data on the USB stick. This procedure will erase the existing data on the stick. Be very careful that the correct device is used as this command will destroy the existing data on the specified target device. To burn the image using dd , insert the USB stick and determine its device name.
Then, specify the name of the downloaded installation file and the device name for the USB stick. If this command fails, verify that the USB stick is not mounted and that the device name is for the disk, not a partition. Some operating systems might require this command to be run with sudo 8. To force all writes to complete, use sync 8. Be sure to give the correct drive letter as the existing data on the specified drive will be overwritten and destroyed.
Double-click the Win32DiskImager icon to start the program. Verify that the drive letter shown under Device is the drive with the memory stick. Click the folder icon and select the image to be written to the memory stick. Click Save to accept the image file name. Verify that everything is correct, and that no folders on the memory stick are open in other windows. When everything is ready, click Write to write the image file to the memory stick.
By default, the installation will not make any changes to the disk s before the following message:. The install can be exited at any time prior to this warning.
This section describes how to boot the system from the installation media which was prepared using the instructions in Prepare the Installation Media. How to configure the system to boot from the inserted media depends upon the architecture. These architectures provide a BIOS menu for selecting the boot device. Most systems also provide a key for selecting the boot device during startup without having to enter the BIOS. Typically, the key is either F10 , F11 , F12 , or Escape.
If the computer loads the existing operating system instead of the FreeBSD installer, then either:. The installation media was not inserted early enough in the boot process. Leave the media inserted and try restarting the computer.
The BIOS changes were incorrect or not saved. Double-check that the right boot device is selected as the first boot device. This system is too old to support booting from the chosen media. On most machines, holding C on the keyboard during boot will boot from the CD. Once the system boots from the installation media, a menu similar to the following will be displayed:.
To pause the boot timer in order to review the selections, press Space. To select an option, press its highlighted number, character, or key. The following options are available. If the boot timer has been paused, press 1 , upper- or lower-case B , or Enter. Press 2 or the upper- or lower-case S to enter this mode. Escape to loader prompt : This will boot the system into a repair prompt that contains a limited number of low-level commands.
Press 3 or Esc to boot into this prompt. The boot options menu is divided into two sections. The first section can be used to either return to the main boot menu or to reset any toggled options back to their defaults. The system will always boot using the settings for these options until they are modified. Several options can be toggled using this menu:. Once the problem is fixed, set it back to Off.
Verbose : Toggle this option to On to see more detailed messages during the boot process. This can be useful when troubleshooting a piece of hardware. After making the needed selections, press 1 or Backspace to return to the main boot menu, then press Enter to continue booting into FreeBSD.
A series of boot messages will appear as FreeBSD carries out its hardware device probes and loads the installation program. Once the boot is complete, the welcome menu shown in Welcome Menu will be displayed. Press Enter to select the default of Install to enter the installer. The rest of this chapter describes how to use this installer.
Otherwise, use the right or left arrows or the colorized letter to select the desired menu item. The Shell can be used to access a FreeBSD shell in order to use command line utilities to prepare the disks before installation. The live version is described in Using the Live CD. To review the boot messages, including the hardware device probe, press the upper- or lower-case S and then Enter to access a shell. When finished, type exit to return to the welcome menu.
This section shows the order of the bsdinstall menus and the type of information that will be asked before the system is installed. Use the arrow keys to highlight a menu option, then Space to select or deselect that menu item. When finished, press Enter to save the selection and move onto the next screen.
Before starting the process, bsdinstall will load the keymap files as show in Keymap Loading. After the keymaps have been loaded bsdinstall displays the menu shown in Keymap Selection Menu. Use the up and down arrows to select the keymap that most closely represents the mapping of the keyboard attached to the system.
Press Enter to save the selection. Pressing Esc will exit this menu and use the default keymap. In addition, when selecting a different keymap, the user can try the keymap and ensure it is correct before proceeding as shown in Keymap Testing Menu.
Type in a hostname that is unique for the network. It should be a fully-qualified hostname, such as machine3. Deciding which components to install will depend largely on the intended use of the system and the amount of disk space available. The FreeBSD kernel and userland, collectively known as the base system , are always installed.
Depending on the architecture, some of these components may not appear:. The installation program does not check for adequate disk space. Select this option only if sufficient hard disk space is available. Although not required for the majority of applications, it may be required to build device drivers, kernel modules, or some applications from the Ports Collection. It is also used for developing FreeBSD itself. The menu shown in Installing from the Network only appears when installing from a -bootonly.
Since the installation files must be retrieved over a network connection, this menu indicates that the network interface must be configured first. If this menu is shown in any step of the process remember to follow the instructions in Configuring Network Interfaces. Manual partitioning allows advanced users to create customized partitions from menu options.
Shell opens a shell prompt where advanced users can create customized partitions using command-line utilities like gpart 8 , fdisk 8 , and bsdlabel 8. This section describes what to consider when laying out the disk partitions.
It then demonstrates how to use the different partitioning methods. When laying out file systems, remember that hard drives transfer data faster from the outer tracks to the inner. This partition is used to hold mailboxes, log files, and printer spools. Mailboxes and log files can grow to unexpected sizes depending on the number of users and how long log files are kept.
At least 2 gigabytes of space is recommended for this partition. When selecting partition sizes, keep the space requirements in mind. Running out of space in one partition while barely using another can be a hassle. As a rule of thumb, the swap partition should be about double the size of physical memory RAM. Systems with minimal RAM may perform better with more swap.
Configuring too little swap can lead to inefficiencies in the VM page scanning code and might create issues later if more memory is added. On larger systems with multiple SCSI disks or multiple IDE disks operating on different controllers, it is recommended that swap be configured on each drive, up to four drives.
The swap partitions should be approximately the same size. The kernel can handle arbitrary sizes but internal data structures scale to 4 times the largest swap partition. Keeping the swap partitions near the same size will allow the kernel to optimally stripe swap space across disks. Large swap sizes are fine, even if swap is not used much.
It might be easier to recover from a runaway program before being forced to reboot. By properly partitioning a system, fragmentation introduced in the smaller write heavy partitions will not bleed over into the mostly read partitions. When this method is selected, a menu will display the available disk s.
If multiple disks are connected, choose the one where FreeBSD is to be installed. Once the disk is selected, the next menu prompts to install to either the entire disk or to create a partition using free space. If Entire Disk is chosen, a general partition layout filling the whole disk is automatically created. Selecting Partition creates a partition layout from the unused space on the disk.
After Entire Disk is chosen bsdinstall displays a dialog indicating that the disk will be erased. The next menu shows a list with the partition schemes types. GPT is usually the most appropriate choice for amd64 computers. The other partition schemes are generally used for uncommon or older computers. More information is available in Partitioning Schemes. After the partition layout has been created, review it to ensure it meets the needs of the installation.
Selecting Revert will reset the partitions to their original values and pressing Auto will recreate the automatic FreeBSD partitions.
Partitions can also be manually created, modified, or deleted. When the partitioning is correct, select Finish to continue with the installation. Once the disks are configured, the next menu provides the last chance to make changes before the selected drives are formatted. If changes need to be made, select Back to return to the main partitioning menu.
Select Commit to start the installation process. To continue with the installation process go to Fetching Distribution Files. Highlight the installation drive ada0 in this example and select Create to display a menu of available partition schemes:. After the partitioning scheme has been selected and created, select Create again to create the partitions. The Tab key is used to move the cursor between fields. Refer to gpart 8 for descriptions of the available GPT partition types.
The Size may be entered with common abbreviations: K for kilobytes, M for megabytes, or G for gigabytes. Proper sector alignment provides the best performance, and making partition sizes even multiples of 4K bytes helps to ensure alignment on drives with either byte or 4K-byte sectors.
Generally, using partition sizes that are even multiples of 1M or 1G is the easiest way to make sure every partition starts at an even multiple of 4K. There is one exception: the freebsd-boot partition should be no larger than K due to current boot code limitations.
A Mountpoint is needed if the partition will contain a file system. The Label is a name by which the partition will be known.
Drive names or numbers can change if the drive is connected to a different controller or port, but the partition label does not change. Use a unique label on every partition to avoid conflicts from identical labels. For instance, use labroot or rootfslab for the UFS root partition on the computer named lab. Partition sizes shown are typical for a 20G target disk.
Labels shown here are prefixed with ex for "example", but readers should use other unique label values as described above. After the custom partitions have been created, select Finish to continue with the installation and go to Fetching Distribution Files.
This partitioning mode only works with whole disks and will erase the contents of the entire disk. The main ZFS configuration menu offers a number of options to control the creation of the pool.
The automatic ZFS installer currently only supports the creation of a single top level vdev, except in stripe mode. To create more complex pools, use the instructions in Shell Mode Partitioning to create the pool. Disk Info - Disk Info menu can be used to inspect each disk, including its partition table and various other information such as the device model number and serial number, if available. Force 4K Sectors? By default, the installer will automatically create partitions aligned to 4K boundaries and force ZFS to use 4K sectors.
This is safe even with byte sector disks, and has the added benefit of ensuring that pools created on byte disks will be able to have 4K sector disks added in the future, either as additional storage space or as replacements for failed disks.
The default settings work perfectly for FreeBSD. This can be adjusted later and the default settings should be plenty of room for the average user. VirtualBox will start up a virtual machine and ask for a virtual optical disk file. This will be the file that you downloaded through the FreeBSD website. Navigate to this file by clicking the small file symbol next to the drop-down menu.
Once selected, the booting process will continue and the FreeBSD installer will start. When in doubt, use the default options provided , as they can be reconfigured later if necessary.
Once again, using default options when recommended. While creating the initial account, it is recommended to add the user to the wheel group, this will give the user access to administrative commands.
Once FreeBSD has been properly configured a window will appear asking if you would like to reboot to set the changes. Covert Ops. Internet Tools. Linux Distros. MajorGeeks Windows Tweaks. System Tools. Smart Defrag. K-Lite Mega Codec Pack. K-Lite Codec Pack Update. Mozilla Firefox. Driver Booster. Windows Cannot Find Gpedit.
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